Kapangidwe, mfundo ndi mawonekedwe a vacuum circuit breaker
Kapangidwe ka vacuum circuit breaker
Kapangidwe ka vacuum circuit breaker makamaka amapangidwa ndi magawo atatu: vacuum arc chozimitsira chipinda, makina ogwiritsira ntchito, chithandizo ndi zigawo zina.
1. Chosokoneza cha vacuum
Vacuum interrupter, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti vacuum switch chubu, ndiye chigawo chachikulu cha vacuum circuit breaker.ntchito yake yaikulu ndi kulola sing'anga ndi mkulu voteji dera mofulumira kuzimitsa arc ndi kupondereza panopa pambuyo kudula magetsi kudzera kwambiri kutchinjiriza ntchito vacuum mu chitoliro, kuti kupewa ngozi ndi ngozi.Zosokoneza za vacuum zimagawidwa kukhala zosokoneza magalasi ndi zosokoneza za ceramic malinga ndi zipolopolo zawo.
Chipinda chozimira cha vacuum arc chimapangidwa ndi chipolopolo chotsekereza mpweya, ma conductive circuit, chitetezo, kukhudzana, mavuvu ndi zina.
1) Air tight insulation system
Makina otchinjiriza mlengalenga amakhala ndi chipolopolo chotchinga mpweya chomangika chopangidwa ndi galasi kapena zoumba, mbale yakumbuyo yosuntha, mbale yotsekera yokhazikika, ndi mvuto wachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri.Pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti mpweya wabwino umakhala pakati pa galasi, ceramics ndi zitsulo, kuwonjezera pa ndondomeko yogwira ntchito panthawi yosindikiza, kutsekemera kwa zinthuzo kumafunika kukhala kochepa momwe zingathere ndipo kutulutsa mpweya wamkati kumakhala kochepa.zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri mvuvu sangathe kudzipatula boma zingalowe mkati vakuyumu arc kuzimitsa chipinda kuchokera kunja mumlengalenga mumlengalenga, komanso kupanga kukhudzana kusuntha ndi kusuntha conductive ndodo kusuntha mu osiyanasiyana osiyanasiyana kumaliza kugwirizana ndi kuchotsedwa ntchito chosinthira zingalowe.
2) Dongosolo la conductive
Njira yoyendetsera chipinda chozimitsira arc imakhala ndi ndodo yoyendetsera, chingwe chokhazikika cha arc, cholumikizira chokhazikika, cholumikizira chosunthika, kusuntha kwa arc pamwamba ndi ndodo yoyendetsa.Pakati pawo, ndodo yoyendetsa yokhazikika, malo othamanga a arc pamwamba ndi kukhudzana kokhazikika kumatchulidwa pamodzi kuti electrode yokhazikika;Kulumikizana kosunthika, kusuntha kwa arc pamwamba ndi ndodo yosuntha imatchedwa electrode yosuntha.Pamene vakuyumu dera wosweka, zingalowe katundu lophimba ndi zingalowe contactor anasonkhana ndi zingalowe arc kuzimitsa chipinda chatsekedwa, limagwirira ntchito kutseka kulankhula awiri mwa kayendedwe ka kusuntha conductive ndodo, kumaliza kugwirizana dera.Pofuna kusunga kukana kukhudzana pakati pa olumikizana awiriwa kukhala ang'onoang'ono komanso okhazikika, komanso kukhala ndi mphamvu zamakina abwino pamene chipinda chozimitsa cha arc chimakhala ndi mphamvu yokhazikika, chosinthira cha vacuum chimakhala ndi manja owongolera kumapeto kwa mayendedwe amphamvu. ndodo, ndi seti ya akasupe oponderezedwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti asunge kupanikizika kovomerezeka pakati pa zolumikizana ziwirizo.Kusintha kwa vacuum kuswa mphamvu yapano, zolumikizira ziwiri za chipinda chozimitsira arc zimapatukana ndikupanga arc pakati pawo mpaka arc itazimitsidwa pomwe pano mwachilengedwe kuwoloka ziro, ndipo kusweka kwa dera kumalizidwa.
3) Kuteteza dongosolo
Dongosolo lotchingira la chipinda chozimira cha vacuum arc makamaka limapangidwa ndi silinda yotchinga, chivundikiro chotchinga ndi mbali zina.Ntchito zazikulu zachitetezo chachitetezo ndi:
(1) Pewani kukhudzana kuti zisapangitse kuchuluka kwa nthunzi yachitsulo ndi dontho lamadzimadzi lomwe likuwombana panthawi ya arcing, kuwononga khoma lamkati la chipolopolo chotchinga, ndikupangitsa kuti mphamvu yotsekereza ichepe kapena kung'ambika.
(2) Kupititsa patsogolo gawo lamagetsi lamagetsi mkati mwa chosokoneza cha vacuum kumapangitsa kuti chipolopolo chosungunula chisasunthike cha vacuum interrupter, makamaka kwa miniaturization ya vacuum interrupter ndi mphamvu yaikulu.
(3) Yamwani mbali ya mphamvu ya arc ndi zinthu za arc condense.Makamaka pamene chosokoneza cha vacuum chimasokoneza nthawi yachidule, mphamvu zambiri zotentha zomwe zimapangidwa ndi arc zimatengedwa ndi chitetezo, chomwe chimapangitsa kuti mphamvu yobwezeretsa dielectric ikhale pakati pa olumikizana.Kuchuluka kwa zinthu za arc zomwe zimatengedwa ndi dongosolo lotetezera, mphamvu zambiri zomwe zimatengera, zomwe zimagwira ntchito bwino pakuwonjezera mphamvu yosweka ya chosokoneza cha vacuum.
4) Contact dongosolo
Kulumikizana ndi gawo lomwe arc imapangidwa ndikuzimitsidwa, ndipo zofunikira zazinthu ndi zomangamanga ndizokwera kwambiri.
(1) Nkhani zolumikizana nazo
Pali zofunikira izi pazolumikizana:
a.Mkulu kuswa mphamvu
Zimafunika kuti ma conductivity a zinthuzo akhale aakulu, mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi ndi yaying'ono, mphamvu yamagetsi ndi yayikulu, ndipo mphamvu yotulutsa ma elekitironi imakhala yochepa.
b.Kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwamagetsi
Kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwamagetsi kumabweretsa mphamvu yowonjezera ya dielectric, yomwe imapindulitsa kuzimitsa arc.
c.Kukana kwa dzimbiri kwamagetsi
Ndiko kuti, imatha kupirira kutuluka kwa arc yamagetsi ndipo imakhala ndi evaporation yochepa yachitsulo.
d.Kukana kuwotcherera fusion.
e.Mtengo wapano wotsika ukufunika kukhala pansi pa 2.5A.
f.Ochepa mpweya
Mpweya wocheperako ndi wofunikira pazida zonse zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mkati mwa vacuum interrupter.Mkuwa, makamaka, uyenera kukhala mkuwa wopanda mpweya wopangidwa ndi njira yapadera yokhala ndi mpweya wochepa.Ndipo alloy wa siliva ndi mkuwa amafunikira pa solder.
g.Zida zolumikizirana ndi chipinda chozimira cha vacuum arc chophwanyira dera nthawi zambiri zimatenga aloyi yamkuwa ya chromium, yokhala ndi mkuwa ndi chromium yowerengera 50% motsatana.Tsamba la aloyi lamkuwa la chromium lokhala ndi makulidwe a 3mm limakulungidwa pamalo okwerera pamwamba ndi pansi motsatana.Zina zonse zimatchedwa contact base, zomwe zimatha kupangidwa ndi mkuwa wopanda oxygen.
(2) Mapangidwe olumikizana nawo
Kapangidwe kakulumikizanako kumakhudza kwambiri kusweka kwa chipinda chozimira cha arc.Kuzimitsa kwa arc komwe kumapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito kulumikizana ndi zida zosiyanasiyana ndizosiyana.Pali mitundu itatu yolumikizirana yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri: kukhudzana kwamtundu wa mphira, mawonekedwe owoneka ngati chikho kukhudzana ndi chute ndi mawonekedwe owoneka ngati chikho kukhudzana ndi maginito atali, pomwe mawonekedwe owoneka ngati chikho kukhudzana ndi kutalika kwa maginito ndi gawo lalikulu.
5) Zovuta
Mavuvu a chipinda chozimitsira cha vacuum arc makamaka ali ndi udindo wowonetsetsa kusuntha kwa electrode yosuntha mkati mwamtundu wina ndikusunga mpweya wambiri kwa nthawi yaitali, ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuonetsetsa kuti chipinda chozimitsa cha vacuum arc chimakhala ndi moyo wamakina apamwamba.Mavuvu a chosokoneza chopukutira ndi chinthu chochepa kwambiri chokhala ndi mipanda chopangidwa ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chokhala ndi makulidwe a 0.1 ~ 0.2mm.Panthawi yotsegulira ndi kutseka kwa chosinthira chovumbulutsira, mavuvu a chipinda chozimitsira arc amatha kukulitsidwa ndi kupindika, ndipo gawo la mavuvuli limakhala ndi kupsinjika kosinthika, kotero moyo wautumiki wa mavuvu uyenera kutsimikiziridwa molingana ndi kuwonjezereka kobwerezabwereza ndi kuchepetsa ndi kukakamizidwa kwa utumiki.Moyo wautumiki wa mvuto umagwirizana ndi kutentha kwa kutentha kwa malo ogwira ntchito.Chipinda chozimira cha vacuum arc chikathyola mphamvu yayikulu yozungulira, kutentha kotsalira kwa ndodoyo kumasamutsidwa kupita ku mvuto kuti mvutowo uwonjezeke.Kutentha kukakwera pang'onopang'ono, kumayambitsa kutopa kwa mvuto ndikusokoneza moyo wautumiki wa mvutowo.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jul-04-2022